Background: Irritability is a subdimension of ODD, which predicts mainly to internalizing disorders, and to a lesser extent, conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits. Given that youth with similar dispositions as the irritable types – as well as youth high in callous-unemotional (CU) traits – have both been reported to experience high levels of victimization by peers, the authors examined an extension of the failure model (Patterson & Capaldi, 1990): that irritability increases peer victimization, which, in turn, predicts both CU and internalizing symptoms.\ud\udSample: Using data from 5,923 mother-child pairs participating in The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, the authors tested the outcomes of internalizing difficulties and callous-unemotional traits (based on mother report at age 13) via the predictors (at ages 8 and 10) of irritability (mother report) and the experience of peer victimization (youth report).\ud\udResults: Irritability and peer victimization (age 10) directly predicted both CU and internalizing difficulties (age 13). Contrary to strict interpretation of the failure model, the significant indirect pathway described peer victimization (age 8) as increasing irritability (age 10), which, in turn, increased both CU and internalizing difficulties (age 13).\ud\udConclusion: Results suggest that – for youth with irritable dispositions – co-occurring CU and internalizing difficulties can be acquired via adverse experiences in the social environment.
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机译：背景：烦躁是ODD的一个子类别，主要预测内在的疾病，在较小程度上预测行为问题和无情的性情特征。考虑到与易怒型人性格相似的年轻人，以及call性情绪低落（CU）特质高的年轻人，都被同龄人遭受了很高的伤害，因此作者研究了失败模式的扩展（Patterson＆ Capaldi，1990年）：这种烦躁情绪会加重同伴受害，进而预测CU和内在症状。\ ud \ udSample：利用参与“雅芳父母与孩子纵向研究”的5,923对母子对的数据，作者进行了测试通过易怒性（母亲报告）和同伴受害经历（青年报告）的预测因子（在8岁和10岁时）和同伴受害的经历（青年报告），使内在化的困难和残酷无情的性格特征（基于13岁的母亲报告）的结果。\ ud \ udResults ：易怒和同伴受害（10岁）直接预测了CU和内化困难（13岁）。与对故障模型的严格解释相反，显着的间接途径将同伴受害（8岁）描述为易怒（10岁），这反过来又增加了CU和内部化难度（13岁）。\ ud \ ud结论：结果建议–对于性情易怒的年轻人–可以通过在社会环境中的不良经历来获得并发CU和内部化困难。
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